EXPLANIATION OF THE BIODIVERSITY TREATY AND THE WILDLANDS PROJECT

Red areas are Core Areas and corridors little or no human use.

Yellow areas are buffer zones Highly regulated use

Green areas are Normal Use

Pink areas are Indian Reservations









Simulation to right is based on United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.  Article 8a.e. United Nations Golbal Biodiversity Assessment Section 13.4.2.2.3.  US Man and the Biosphere Strategic Plan.   World and US heritage Corridor Program and the "Wildlands Project", Wild Earth, December 1992  Also see Science, "The High Cost of Biodiversity." 25 June, Vol. 260, 1993. pp1868-1871.  Copyright 1996 Environmental Perspectives, Inc. (207) 945-9878

This map is based on the strategy and procedures laid out in what is known as the Wildlands Project and the UN/US Man [United Nations/United States] and the Biosphere Program (MAB). Both are based on the need of protecting biological diversity using core wilderness reserves which are surrounded by buffer zones that variably regulate human activity to protect the attributes of the core reserves (see below). Areas not included in core reserves or buffer zones are zones of cooperation where regulations are designed to favor biodiversity and ecosystems.

The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, The Seville Agreement for the MAB Program, and the Strategic Plan for the USMAB all state the MAB Program is designed to help implement the Convention on Biological Diversity, a treaty currently before the US Senate for ratification. Likewise, Section 13.4.2.2.3 of the United Nations Global Biodiversity Assessment defines the Wildlauds Project as the basis for preserving biodlversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Wildlands Project is based on the science of conservation biology and was developed by Dr. Michael Soule, cofounder and first president of the Society for Conservation Biology; Dr. Reed Noss, current editor for the journal of Conservation Biology; and David Foreman, cofounder and longtime leader of Earth First.

The science of conservation biology was really created by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). The IUCN, an accredited UN advisor and is comprised,  of government agencies and NGOs (non-governmentalorganizations). These include the EPA. [Environmental Protection Agency] US Forest Service, US National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, The Sierra Club, National Wildlife Federation, Natural Resources Defense Council, The Nature Conservancy, Society for Conservation Biology, and many others. The IUCN is also one of the primary promoters and developers of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This perhaps explains why the US Government and environmental organizations appear to be working in concert to implement the Wildlands Project and Biodiversity Treaty even though the treaty has not been ratified.

This map is drawn under the supervision of a Ph.D. in Ecology, and follows instructions provided by the Wildlands Project, the UN/US MAB. and the rapidly increasing control within US counties through the UN/US Heritage programs. This is especially true for counties having federal land, particularly in the Western US. The map incorporates, when available, actual maps as well as a multitude of government and environmental literature demanding various reserves or national parks interconnected with corridors.

MAGNITUDE OF THE WILDLANDS PROJECT   "Conservation must be practiced on a truly grand scale," claims Reed Noss. And grand it is. Taken from the article "The Wildlands Project: Land Conservation Strategy" in the 1992 special issue of Wild Earth, Noss provides the whopping dimensions of this effort.

Core reserves are wilderness areas that supposedly allow biodiversity to flourish. "It is estimated," claims Noss, "that large carnivores and ungulates require reserves on the scale of 2.5 to 25 million acres. . .. For a minimum viable population of 1000 [large mammals], the figures would be 242 million acres for grizzly bears, 200 million acres for wolverines, and 100 million acres for wolves. Core reserves should be managed as roadless areas (wilderness). "AIl roads should be permanently closed."

Corridors are "extensions of reserves .... Multiple corridors interconnecting a network of core reserves provide functional redundancy and mitigate against disturbance .... Corridors several miles wide are needed if the objective is to maintain resident populations of large carnivores."

Buffer zones should have two or more zones "so that a gradation of use intensity exists from the core reserve to the developed landscape, Inner zones should have low road density (no more than 0.:5 mile/square mile) and low-intensity use such as.. .hiking, cross-country skiing, birding, primitive camping? wilderness hunting and fishing, and low-intensity silvicuiture (light selective cutting)."

While this effort has a noble mission, the implications are staggering. As noted in the June 25, 1993 issue of Science, it "...is nothing less than the transformation of America to an archipelago of human inhabited islands surrounded by natural areas."

According to the Wildlands Project, "One half of the land area of the 48 conterminous [united] states be encompassed in core [wilderness] reserves and inner corridor zones (essentially extensions core reserves) within the next few decades .... half of a region in wilderness is a reasonable guess of what it will take to restore viable populations of large camivores and natural disturbance regimes assuming that most of the other 50 percent is managed intelligently as buffer zone." (Noss, 1992} If fully implemented, the Convention on Biological Diversity would have to displace millions of people through unacceptable regulations, nationalization of private land, and force people to  move out of core reserve areas and inner buffer zones it would seriously reduce the production of agriculture, forest and mining products. In the process, millions of Americans could lose their jobs. In turn, the resulting scarce resources means the rest of us are going to pay double and triple for these products.

What science is really showing is that there is no clear evidence. that reserves and corridors work or are even needed. Rather, good forest management, including the use of clearcutting, enhances biodiversity and sustainability:

• "The theory has not been properly validated and the practical value of biogeographic principles for conservation remains unknown. The theory provides no special insights relevant to consequencies." Zimrncrman, B.L. and R.O. Bierrellaard. 1986, JournaI of Biogeography 13:133-143.

• The theory behind the need for reserves and corridors is bei "increasingly heavily criticized...as inapplicableto most of nature largely because local population extinction was not demonstrated Simbcrloff, D. J. Fare, J. Cox, and D. Mchlman. 1992. "Movement Corridors, Conservation Bargains or Poor Investment?" Conservation Biology 6(4):49

• "No unified theory combines genetic, demographic, and other forces threatening small populations, nor is their accord on the relative importance of these threats." Ibid.

• "There are still few data, and many widely cited reports are unconvincing .... [The theory that reserves and corridors] "facilitate movement is now almost an article of faith." lbid.

"Studies that have been frequently cited as illustrating corridors for faunal movement, do not, in fact, provide clear evidence." those that do support the need for corridors, wooded fence rows adequate for many species, while only a few require well vegetetated strips. Hobbs,  R.J. 1 The Role of Corridors in Conservation: Solution or BandwBandw. c 7 ,89.

The science used  in the Convention on Biological Diversity does not work and may actually reduce biodiversity. The implications of this treaty are enormous and must be thoroughly reviewed before it is  considered for ratification.

For more information on the maps and Wildlands Project, call Environmental Perspectives, Inc. (EPI), (207) 945-9878.

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